RHETORIC AND SCIENCE: OVERCOMING THE ANCIENT BREAK

Abstract.

The article considers the possibility of interpreting rhetoric as a constitutive form of science communication; the reasons of the ancient separation of rhetoric from philosophy are analyzed, the possibility of overcoming it is revealed.

Keywords:

rhetoric of science, antiquity, knowledge transfer, metaphor, communication.

P. 9-18

ONTOTHEOLOGICAL PROBLEM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF ERIUGENA AND FICHTE

Abstract.

The authors offer to include the thought of Johannes Scottus Eriugena’s (c. 810 – c. 877) in the broad context of the traditional metaphysical consideration and understand it as the unity of reflexive panentheism (God is in everything, but not everything is God) and Christian theism. The Irish monk’s ideas of were based on Neoplatonism, which prevailed in Byzantine meditative theology, subject to the tasks of the medieval paradigm of knowledge. In this regard, the «division of nature» of Eriugena’s appears to be ontotheology, on the basis of which he drew out the original religious and philosophical teaching. Essential features of scholasticism, finally established in the XII–XIII centuries, were inherent in his speculations. At the same time, there are speculative moments in it, anticipating and linking Eriugena with German classical philosophy, with Fichte’s idealism, in particular. Critical Fichte’s real idealism is a kind of transcendental ontotheology, based on the egological structures and problems of synthetic a priori judgments. Comparative, concrete historical, typological and textual analytic methods of research were applied to provide a scientific evaluation of the Eriugena’s and Fichte’s philosophical thought. It was found that ontotheology and Eriugena’s panentheism, as its constructive principle, and his teaching on the division of Nature, or God, are comparable with the concepts of Fichte’s egology and German idealism in whole, which preached salvation exclusively in consciousness and through consciousness. 

Keywords:

nature, idealism, ontotheology, metaphysics, Fichte, Eriugena.

P. 19-31

RATIONALITY AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

Yashin Boris L.

Abstract.

The article deals with the problem of understanding rationality at the present stage of the development of philosophy, science and education and its connection with the logic of thinking. It is noted that this connection is most often associated with the basic laws of traditional (classical) logic, with which scientific rationality is often identified. Different interpretations of rationality in foreign and domestic literature are compared. It is shown that the phenomenon of scientific rationality is not reducible to the logical only, but rationality itself is multifaceted. It is substantiated that the basis of rationality can be not only classical, but also non-classical logics, in particular, various variants of paraconsistent logic, as well as epistemic or temporal and relevant logic, logic with strict  implication, the logic of change. The essence of some of these nonclassical logics, their features, possibilities of use in natural and social sciences, education, in quantum mechanics, in probabilistic and inductive reasoning, in the theory of fuzzy concepts, in information retrieval systems are revealed. It is suggested that the search for an answer to the question of the relationship between paraconsistent logic and rational thinking can be productive for the ongoing development of the concept of modern understanding of rationality and philosophy of education.

Keywords:

temporal logic, classical rationality, the traditional (classical) logic, logic of change, non-classical logic, scientific rationality, nonclassical rationality, paraconsistent logic, relevant logic, philosophy of education.

P. 32-47

THE SUCCESS OF SOLVING CONVERGENT TASKS IN THE CONTEXT OF VARIOUS EXTERNAL MOTIVATIONAL ATTITUDES 

Gavrilova Olga Ya.

Abstract.

The purpose of the research presented in the article is to determine the possibility of changing the success of solving problems of a convergent type by adolescents by varying the external motivational setting. By convergent problems we understand ones that have only one correct solvation. The study used two types of problems: aimed at the abstractlogical thinking and aimed at the spatial thinking. The article discusses the results of an empirical study of the success of solving convergent problems by adolescents in the context of three different motivational attitudes: neutral, competitive in the context of a personal victory and the victory of their group, held in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2017 on the basis of the International Research School as part of the psychology project. The main method of the study was an experiment. In the course of analyzing the results obtained, a statistically significant increase in the success of solving problems in the conditions of competition was found for one’s own victory.

Keywords:

motivation, learning motivation, motivational attitude, attitude, thinking, convergent tasks, problems solving, success in problems solving.

P. 48-55

EMPATHY AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF A TEACHER 

Volodina Svetlana A.

Abstract.

The article proves the importance of empathy – the personality quality that helps to achieve successful and effective professional education activities. The results of the study on the empathy level of teachers in Moscow and Moscow region educational institutions and students of a pedagogical university are presented. The results attest to the insufficient level of development of this personal quality among a significant number of respondents: only slightly more than a half of the respondents have an adequate level of empathy. A sufficient number of the respondents have their low and very low levels. Students have the results close to the results of teachers.

Keywords:

the qualities of the teacher’s personality, meaningful cooperation, conflicts, a teacher’s professional activity, empathy levels, empathy.

P. 56-60

Psychology of labor, engineering psychology, ergonomics 

FEATURES OF THE VISIBLE PERCEPTION OF CYBERACTIVE USERS

Tolstova Olga I.

Abstract.

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the features of visual perception of cyberactive users aged 18 to 22 years. We consider the characteristic features of the basic needs of users, carried out with the help of visual perception and implemented in the virtual space. According to the purpose of this work, the respondents were divided into two groups depending on their Internet cyberactivity. The experimental group is represented by cyberactive students who have been using the Internet resources for 5 to 6 hours a day and with the experience of 7 to 10 years. The control group features less cyberactive students with the experience from 3 to 8 years and using the Internet from 2 to 4 hours a day. To achieve the goal there were used the methods that study the effective indicators of visual perceptive activity: the volume of perception of senseless and meaningful material; accuracy, speed, perceptual performance, as well as observability. On the basis of the study results the impact of cyberactivity on the visual perceptual activity of users of 18 to 22 years is established. Significant difference between cyberactive and less cyberactive students has been revealed in terms of the volume of perception of meaningless material.

Keywords:

cyberactivity, perceptual activity, visual perception, cyberspace, virtual space, cyber environment, internet environment, the Internet resources.

P. 61-68

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STANDARDIZATION OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN THE US AND THE UK

Nosova Ekaterina A.

Abstract.

The purpose of this article is to give general characteristics of standardization of contents of education in the US in comparison with the UK in current conditions of modernization in primary education. In different countries, educational standards have different contents, structure and purpose. The author sought to identify trends of modernization of educational standardization associated with modern organizational and management conditions for primary education organization in given countries. The article examines the components of educational standards, factors and conditions of their formation and modernization, as well as analyzes the methodology of standardization on the example of primary schools in the US and the UK. The author analyzes the substantive and legislative framework of educational standards based on the authentic research papers. Finally the author identified common and distinctive characteristics of the standardization of British and American primary schooling. This article is of survey character.

Keywords:

standardization, primary school education, contents of education, the National curriculum of the UK, NCLB act of the US, centralized and decentralized models of school organization, school management and financing.

P. 69-88

V. F. SAKHAROV – AN OUTSTANDING SCHOLAR AND EDUCATOR, A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE LENINGRAD LIBRARY SCHOOL 

Bakhtina Elena V.

Abstract.

The article reveals the main milestones of life and work of an outstanding Soviet library expert, the founder of the Leningrad school of librarianship – Vasily Fyodorovich Sakharov. The pedagogical weight of V. F. Sakharov’s is denoted in the context of laying the basic foundations of the Soviet (Russian) library science. A particular attention is paid to the most important stages of V.F. Sakharov’s academic and pedagogical activity. The scientist’s unique pedagogical approach in the framework of educational and upbringing activities with students in the class-setting is presented. 

Keywords:

Vasily Fedorovich Sakharov, scholar and educator, reconstruction, academic and creative record, teaching and education.

P. 89-94 

THE “WORLD AROUND” COURSE AS THE PROPAEDEUTIC BASIS OF FORMING

THE GEOGRAPHIC CULTURE WITH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Dronov Viktor P., Lopatnikov Dmitriy L., Tamozhnyaya Elena A., Emirova Marina E.

Abstact.

The article is devoted to the issue of implementing the principle of continuity in teaching Geography to school students in the conditions of introduction of new educational standards. The authors consider the “World around” course as a propaedeutic basis of forming the geographical culture of school students. In the article the components of geographical culture and features of their implementation in the contents of the “World around” course are considered. The results of theoretical comprehension of the issue-considered are the basis for defining the main direction of teaching the “World around” course improvement that is connected with transition to the activity and personality-focused model of training, directed to forming the geographical culture with school students.

Keywords:

the principle of continuity in education, structure of geographical education, the geographical culture of a school student, components of geographical culture, geographical thinking.

P. 95-110

SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONALITY OF DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE INDEPENDENCE OF YOUNGER SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE COURSE OF EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH ACTIVITY

Nosikova Yana N., Obukhov Alexey S.

Abstract.

The article views influence of social and pedagogical conditions on the development of cognitive independence of younger school students in educational and research activity. The model of development of cognitive independence of younger school students is approved. It is proved by practical consideration that the program of educational and research activity, the method of design (enrichment) of the educational environment, teachers and parents’ support of the cognitive initiative in primary school make important social and pedagogical conditions for the cognitive independence development of younger school students.

Keywords:

cognitive independence, educational and research activity, social and pedagogical conditions for development of cognitive independence, enrichment of contents of education, Federal State Educational Standard of the primary general education, model of the cognitive independence development, younger school student.

P. 111-120

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE EXTREMISM PREVENTION PRACTICE AMONG ADOLESCENTS

Nadyrshin Timur M.

Abstract.

The article reviews the existing practice of preventing extremism among adolescents in foreign countries. The modern Russian legislation in the field of extremism prevention in school is considered. Despite the considerable development of legislation in this area, little space is allocated to the study of the phenomenon of extremism in education standards. The results of a survey of existing programs and movements for schoolchildren in such countries as Denmark, Britain, France, the Netherlands, Australia and Russia speak about the importance of developing the civic identity, moral stability against extremism, and the development of students’ selfmanagement. In addition, the article focuses on the main areas of work with schoolchildren in the extremism prevention, among them there is the study of this phenomenon on the lessons, the involvement of students in volunteer activities, the development of patronage, assistance in obtaining labor and educational opportunities, contests for religious minorities, and non-confessional Religious Education for schoolchildren. The article lists major methodological problems that interfere with the school combating extremism and its manifestations. This is, first of all, the public interchangeability of the concepts of “extremism”, “terrorism”, “radicalism” and the problem of secular indoctrination.

Keywords:

extremism prevention, religion, school, making teenagers radical, counteracting extremism.

P. 121-132

SCHOOL EDUCATION AS THE CONTEXT OF FORMING THE CULTURE OF LEGAL AND SAFE BEHAVIOUR 

Alpatova Olga B., Skripnik Lyudmila Ju.

Abstract.

The article presents the experience of Moscow school No. 2101 “Filevskiy educational center” of permanent maintaining social partnership with law-enforcement officers to promote patriotic education for students, form the positive image of law enforcement officers, create the model of legal education and of social activity in the sphere of security of individuals, society and the state.

Keywords: 

school, legal education, socialization, image, security, social partnership, a teenager, safety culture, lawabiding behavior.

P. 133-141

FORMING INTELLECTUAL SKILLS OF STUDENTS OF VILLAGE SCHOOLS WITH DUE CONSIDERATION OF THEIR PERSONAL AND ETHNIC PECULIARITIES

Dugarova Tuyana Ts., Erdynieva Valentina B.

Abstract.

Formation of intellectual skills of those students who go to village schools becomes urgent in the conditions of modernization of education. The article discusses the pedagogical features of this process with due consideration of personal and ethnic peculiarities of those students. The model and training conditions of forming intellectual skills of the students of village schools are presented for discussion.

Keywords:

intellectual skills, formation of intellectual skills, students of a village school, taking into consideration personal and ethnic peculiarities, model, training conditions.

P. 142-148

IT CULTURE BASES IN SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: CURRENT STATUS OF THE ISSUE AND SOLUTIONS 

Kalinina Tatiana V.

Abstract.

The article deals with the issue of forming the initial foundations of information culture in children of senior preschool age. The concept of «the foundations of the information culture» of senior preschoolers is defined. The criteria and indicators for the development of structural components are laid down and the methodology for developing the basics of information culture in children of senior preschool age is shown. The data of the current state of the issue of IT culture bases formation in children of the older preschool age are presented, as well as the quantitative and qualitative results of the experiment on the development of the foundations of information culture among older preschool children conducted by the author, along with the analysis of the cause-effect relationship of the results obtained.

Keywords:

preschool children IT culture, Information and Communication Technology, structural components, criteria, indicators and the methodology for developing the basics of information culture in children of senior preschool age.

P. 149-162

FORMATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS’ TRAINING MOTIVATION AT THE PRE-UNIVERSITY STAGE: SOME WAYS OF THE PROBLEM SOLVING 

Oleshko Tamara V., Sayamova Valentina I.

Abstract.

This article considers the questions of foreign citizens’ training motivation at the pre-university stage of the medical university, the importance of formation and the ways of developing students’ positive cognitive motivation are grounded: the awareness of training motives in Russian as a foreign language;  the necessity of taking into account the professional orientation of training; engaging students in problem solving tasks; the implementation of interdisciplinary relations; the importance of using visual teaching methods; training in the process of communication; the role of the teacher’s personality. Altogether they contribute to the updating of the motivational potential of the educational environment.

Keywords: 

motivation, internal/external motives, cognitive motivation, foreign students, preparatory faculty, Physics, Russian as a foreign language

P. 163-172

EXPERIENCE OF TEACHING CHINESE STUDENTS – LEARNERS OF RUSSIAN TO CONDUCT A DISCOURSE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 

Wei Ningning

Abstract.

Environmental problems today are as important as political, economic and social ones. Chinese students – learners of Russian philology should deeply comprehend and discuss these problems for the development of dialogic speech. Discussion on the environmental issues is an effective way to develop the speech of Chinese students who study Russian philology. To achieve a significant effect in teaching Russian as a foreign language, it is recommended to use the visualization of the material under discussion. It  contributes to the development of anticipation among Chinese students in the process of discussing the problems of ecology.

Keywords:

discussion, interviews, development speech, problems of ecology, teaching Chinese students the Russian language.

P. 173-179

RUSSIAN CHILDREN’S SUMMER COLONIES OF THE SECOND HALF OF 19th – BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY 

Ladchenko Konstantin V.

Abstract.

This article is devoted to the description of children’s summer camps – colonies – in the Russian Empire as a kind of extracurricular education. The summer colonies organization, both in Russia and other European countries, is given in detail in the article. Theory positions and practice arrangements for organizing colonies are analyzed. The recollections of the children-colonists, as well as the contemporaries’ opinion on the children’s colonies operation, are drawn.

Keywords:

children’s summer colony, extracurricular education, town colony, dairy station, summer residence, session.

P. 180-188

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LENINGRAD SCHOOL 1950–1960 YEARS: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MAJOR PROBLEMS 

Polotebnov Alexander S.

Abstract.

The Aim of this paper is to study the development of the Leningrad school in the period 1950–1960s in the course of reform in education in terms of a large Soviet city. The article can be of interest to researchers studying history of St. Petersburg, Soviet society, historians of education, specializing in the study of history of Soviet school education.

Keywords:

Leningrad system of school education, urban educational environment, school reform.

P. 189-198