RHETORIC OF SCIENCE: THE ROLE OF METAPHOR IN SCIENTIFIC COGNITION

Kozlova N. Yu.                                                 DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-9-19

Abstract. 

The study of metaphor has a long history. Given the inextricable connection of its theory with the problematic field of epistemology, we can talk about the enduring relevance of understanding this linguistic phenomenon. The article presents an analysis of the mechanism of metaphorization from two points of view: from the standpoint of English philosophical thought of the 16th–17th centuries, which designated the unacceptability of metaphor in scientific research, classifying it as an “abuse of speech” that distorts academic thinking, and from the standpoint of more modern philosophical ideas that reveal the epistemic functionality of metaphor. It is shown that the assessment of the role of metaphor in the process of cognition was influenced by the views on the essence of language and its epistemological possibilities prevailing in a particular scientific paradigm. The ideological foundations of the critical position of F. Bacon, J. Locke, T. Hobbes are analyzed, and its connection with a broader intellectual context is revealed. It is shown that the source of linguistic skepticism is the desire for objectivity, which performs the function of an epistemological regulator. Objections to the criticism of metaphor, developed by H. Weinrich, M. Junge are considered: “deception of expectations” is a consequence of a special interaction of contexts, developing during the interpretation of a metaphor. The idea is substantiated according to which metaphor can be understood as a mechanism of “conceptual leaps”. By establishing a connection between different contextual spaces, it is capable of not only “developing” the main context of the utterance, enriching the perspective of understanding it with a previously unattended maneuver of thought, but also generating a new one.

Keywords: 

С. 9-19

QUANTUM INDETERMINISM, THE CAUSAL OPENNESS OF THE PHYSICAL AND THE POSSIBILITY OF NON-PHYSICAL CAUSES OF BEHAVIOR

Serikov A. E.                                                      DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-20-34

Abstract. 

The question of whether the physical world is causally closed is being actively discussed today. And one of the most important aspects of this issue is related to the fact that the causal closure of the physical does not fit well with quantum indeterminism. The article clarifies what exactly can be meant by quantum indeterminism, and analyzes possible options for understanding the causal closure of the physical, which avoid contradictions with quantum indeterminism. This analysis shows that the recognition of the truth of quantum mechanics implies the causal openness of the physical world and the fundamental possibility of non-physical causes of human behavior.

Keywords: 

С. 20-34

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS PEDAGOGICAL DESIGN IN GENERAL EDUCATION

Sagatelova L. S.                       DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-56-67

Abstract. 

The mainstream education is focused on the broad context of societal changes, which requires designing innovative educational systems in general education organizations. The study aims to consider the theoretical and practical aspects of the above-mentioned issue. The historical development of pedagogical design as an academic branch of pedagogy is presented, the essential characteristics and features of pedagogical design in modern realities are identified and described in detail, and the problems of organizing and implementing pedagogical design in practice are identified.

Keywords:

pedagogical design, special features, theoretical basis, essential characteristics of pedagogical design, educational innovations, education systems, practical aspects of pedagogical design.

С. 56-67 

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR STUDYING PROFESSIONAL VALUES OF STUDENTS OF A MODERN PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Esikova T. V.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-68-75

Abstract. 

The article examines the methodological foundations of the study of professional values of students of a modern pedagogical university. It provides a description of the results of an empirical research of the professional values of future teachers, studied using methods based on social-constructivist and personal-activity approaches, such as discourse analysis in focus groups, analysis of interactions, which the author proposes to conduct in the process of students completing assignments, actively communicating with representatives of different levels of education at the university, teachers and educators.

Keywords:

values, professional pedagogical values, methodological foundations for studying professional pedagogical values, targeted professional socialization of students of a modern pedagogical university.

С. 68-75 

THE IMAGE OF AN ACTIVIST IN PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE AND SOCIAL PRACTICES IN THE 1950s AND 60s

Churkina N. I.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-76-86

Abstract. 

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the image of an activist which was promoted by pedagogical discourse (pedagogical research, speeches by teachers, etc.) and everyday social practices of the 1950s and 60s. It is concluded that during this period, in the pedagogical discourse, despite the liberalization processes that had begun in social life, the orientation toward the utopian ideals of Soviet education remained, part of which was the task of forming a new person as a member of communist society. Researchers developed the conditions, forms, and features of education in individual aspects: the activists in basic school; raising the pioneer activists; the formation of teenage schoolchildren activists, etc. For teachers, the activists were the same collective subject as a class or a school collective. The comparative analysis of the image of an activist in pedagogical theory and everyday practices (represented in Soviet cinema of the «thaw» period and materials of ego-sources) presented in the article allows us to see the contradictory nature of the moment: pedagogical theory retained its orientation towards the preparation and education of school activists, while in everyday practice, an outsider often became the leader of school life. They were the new heroes in cinema and life, being the bearers of new humanistic values.

Keywords:

“thaw”, activist, school culture, collective, school cinema, ego-sources, pedagogical discourse.

С. 76-86 

ON THE SYSTEM OF METHODOLOGICAL TRAINING OF A SOVIET CHEMISTRY TEACHER IN THE PEDAGOGICAL HERITAGE OF G. M. CHERNOBELSKAYA

Polupanenko E. G., Yurchenko V. S.                       DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-87-97

Abstract. 

The article is devoted to the contribution of Galina Chernobelskaya to the development of chemistry teaching methods in the Soviet period. It examines key aspects of the methodological system of training future chemistry teachers, such as: continuity of methodological training, integration of theory and practice, development of critical thinking, problematic and individual approach, formation of methodological horizons through the organization of research activities aimed at studying the facts of historical and pedagogical processes in chemical education. Special attention is paid to the fact that the research works of G. M. Chernobelskaya are of theoretical and methodological value and should be taken into account in the course of perfecting the modern system of methodological training of future chemistry teachers in conditions of providing a «seamless» education.

Keywords:

Galina Markovna Chernobelskaya, methods of teaching chemistry, retroinnovation in chemical education, “seamless education”.

С. 87-97 

THE INTEGRATED LEARNING SYSTEM IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: DIDACTIC MODEL OF A. E. AND M. E. ADRIANOVS

Yusupova A. Yu., Ratner F. L.                         DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-98-111

Abstract. 

This article presents a historical and pedagogical reconstruction of the didactic model of integrated learning for elementary school, developed in the early twentieth century by Russian educators A. E. and M. E. Adrianov. The model under consideration is interesting for its historical prototypes, which date back to the ideas of free education. The corresponding methodology is also of interest – the integrated approach, widespread in the pedagogy of Soviet Russia in the 1920s, based on the idea of the inseparability of interdisciplinary links in learning. The analysis has shown that the key principle of integrated learning according to the Adrianovs’ model is the principle of individualization, implemented through the active inclusion of children’s independent work in the learning process. The basis of independent work is formed by the original structure of organizational forms of learning, in which the leading role is played by children’s experimental activities with objects and phenomena of the environment, as well as a systematic set of specially created didactic materials. The wide use of practical experimental work is conditioned by the positioning of the inductive method of cognition (“from the concrete to the abstract”) as a determining one in the educational process.

Keywords:

A. E. and M. E. Adrianovs, integrated learning system, integrated approach, individualization of learning, independent work, didactic materials.

С. 98-111 

THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING STATISTICAL METHODS TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES FORMATION

Sakulina Ju. V., Penyagina L. V.                       DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-112-120

Abstract.  

In the context of rapid changes in the professional environment, the use of statistical indicators to assess the level of formation of professional competencies is becoming particularly relevant. These indicators make it possible not only to objectively measure the level of knowledge and skills of specialists, but also to identify areas for further development. Statistical indicators are becoming a reliable tool for a comprehensive assessment and improvement of professional competencies, which, in turn, contributes to the formation of high competitiveness of specialists in the labor market. By comparing the results of graduates of various courses, it is possible to determine which of them provide higher chances of employment and a successful career.

Keywords:

С. 112-120

FEATURES OF PROVIDING ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION WITH PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED MANUALS

Guseva E. Yu., Dvorkina E. A.,
Tsukanova E. I.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-121-129

Abstract.  

This article reflects some relevant aspects of professionally oriented teaching of the Russian language to foreign students of engineering and technical profile, due to the requirements of a regulatory nature and associated with knowledge of psychology (orientation to the dominant cognitive learning style); a new teaching aid for teaching foreign students of engineering communication is presented.

Keywords:

С. 121-129

TEACHER'S READINESS FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: THE ESSENCE,
THE STAGES OF FORMATION

Yakubova F. R.                                            DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-130-140

Abstract.  

In pedagogical research two approaches to understanding the process of readiness for inclusive education are used: the first one defines it as the functional quality of a personality and the second one as preparedness for activity. The article reveals approaches to the definition of the concept of "readiness for inclusive education" as well as the components of this readiness – cognitive, operational, motivational, reflexive, and personal. The author describes the essence of the teacher's readiness process for inclusive education. The stages of the readiness formation are characterized.

Keywords:

С. 130-140

DIDACTIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING ECONOMICS AT A UNIVERSITY IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE CONTEXT: CONTENT, PURPOSE AND MEANS

Igumnov O. A., Platonova E. D.                       DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-141-153

Abstract.  

The article is based on the discussions about the content of modern economic education analysis which is being formed in the socio-economic relations in the Russian and world economies changes context. These changes, undoubtedly, should be reflected in the content of university economics courses. The authors draw attention to the didactic aspects of the discussion which complement the content aspects traditional for such discussions. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the economic education effectiveness and quality based on forming the didactic culture of a university teacher of economic disciplines. Didactic culture is considered as a teacher’s integral feature aimed at teacher professional development and future specialist professional culture formation. The general organizational conditions for a teacher of economic disciplines didactic culture formation at a university are proposed. An integration approach to the formation of the content of economic education implemented in the teacher didactic cultural creation process is recommended.

Keywords:

С. 141-153

TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF REPLACING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS THE DOMINANT IN THE RUSSIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
BY ORIENTAL LANGUAGES

Shubina A. O.                                              DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-154-167

Abstract.  

This work is devoted to the problem of changing the focus on learning English in the context of the modern geopolitical situation. The widespread anti-Russian policy on the part of Western countries has caused the emergence of “hostility” towards the study of languages of unfriendly countries, including English, which for many decades has been considered an integral tool of global intercultural communication. Changes in the vector of the Russian Federation’s foreign policy have led to a sharp increase in the demand for specialists and educational programs for the study of oriental languages: Chinese, Korean, Hindi, Farsi, etc. However, it is necessary to understand that such a transformation of the social worldview in relation to foreign countries should be accompanied by an adaptive paradigm shift in teaching and studying different foreign languages at all levels: system-structural, communicative, linguistic, etc. At the same time, a complete departure from improving the methods of learning English can lead to the loss of a whole layer of socio-cultural ties with Western countries and difficulties in their subsequent restoration. The article analyzes the opinions of scholars and politicians about the role of the English language in modern Russia and the necessity to change priorities in the field of linguistic education. The advantages and possible negative consequences of abandoning English as the main instrument of international communication are also studied. Possible ways of research on the preservation of linguistic identity are proposed, in particular, consideration of the English language model adopted in Asian countries. At the same time, according to experts, English should retain its leading role as the basis of intercultural cooperation with the international community. However, there is now a need to create a new approach to teaching foreign languages that will take into account political, cultural and other factors that are important for preserving national identity. 

Keywords:

С. 154-167

DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE INDEPENDENCE OF 7TH GRADE STUDENTS IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS

Kamalova D. Z.                                          DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-168-181

Abstract.  

The article examines the development of individual cognitive independence of students in the process of school education in the context of globalization and the change of educational guidelines. The relevance of the topic is related to the need to develop the skills of independent educational and cognitive activity, thinking and creativity in schoolchildren. This helps to prepare students for the creative fulfillment of functions in the new society, and also corresponds to the principles of differentiation and individualization of education. The conducted research among seventh grade students showed that the construction of an individual educational route taking into account the characteristics of each student and the creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions contribute to the development of cognitive independence of students in teaching mathematics. 

Keywords:

С. 168-181

HUMOR IN EDUCATIONAL WORK AS A MODERN COMMUNICATION IN THE STUDENT AUDIENCE

Boldova T. A.                                          DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-182-188

Abstract.  

The article discusses the technology of working with laughter practices in caricatures developed by the author, which contributes to changing the process of teaching foreign languages towards communicative and behavioral approaches. Such educational work is necessary for students to develop skills of interactive communication in a foreign language in a virtual network environment. Teaching a foreign language in digital communication to reinforce traditional teaching methods with new forms. Digital communication is a dynamic element of dialogue on various topics on the studied subject in foreign language classes. In a caricature, various aspects of communication are connected (linguistic, socio-cultural, intercultural), so the teacher forms communicative and behavioral skills during classes. 

Keywords:

С. 182-188

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING: THE STRUCTURE OF MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES

Allamuratova Kh. N.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-189-195

Abstract.  

This article analyzes the digital transformation of education and its impact on the development of critical thinking. Modern pedagogical technologies, including interactive platforms, automated feedback systems, and data visualization tools, are considered. The paper presents a conceptual model for integrating digital technologies into the educational process, contributing to the formation of analytical competencies in students. The academic novelty lies in the systematization of existing approaches and the proposal of a comprehensive strategy for using digital technologies to develop critical thinking skills.

Keywords:

С. 189-195

ORGANIZATION OF THE TOPIC “SOLUTIONS OF A SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS BY THE KRAMER METHOD” USING THE CASE STUDY PROBLEM-BASED METHOD OF TEACHING

Mamatohunova Yu. A.                                         DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-196-205

Abstract.  

This article presents a method for organizing lecture classes using problem-based teaching methods to solve a system of linear equations using the Kramer method. Students are first given a specific real-life situation in the form of a problem and the idea is to organize lecture sessions using problem-based learning methods.

Keywords:

С. 196-205

FEATURES OF ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT WORK OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: CONDITIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION

Safina A. F., Vakhidova L. V.                       DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-206-214

Abstract.  

The article is devoted to the organization of independent work of students of a technical university. In order to study this problem, a search was conducted for conditions for its implementation that contribute to the development of the student as an active subject of the educational process and form their professional skills. Organizational and pedagogical conditions representing a single complex were identified, and the features and advantages of their implementation were considered. The proposed conditions were tested during experimental work, as a result of which their effectiveness was confirmed.

Keywords:

С. 206-214

THE OLYMPIAD IN BIOCHEMISTRY AS A WAY TO INCREASE THE MOTIVATION OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FOR THE IN-DEPTH STUDY OF THE DISCIPLINE

Korobitsyna E. V., Leikhter S. N.,
Geshavets N. P., Sinitskaya E. N.                         DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-215-222

Abstract.  

The article is devoted to the role of the Olympiad in biochemistry at a medical university in increasing the motivation of students for the in-depth study of the discipline and contains the experience of the Olympiad at the Northern State Medical University. The purpose of the study is to analyze the experience of holding an Olympiad in biochemistry at a medical university in order to identify ways to increase students’ motivation for the in-depth study of the discipline. An analysis of the participants’ questionnaires showed that for most of them, an interest in science, a desire to test and improve their knowledge, and to gain recognition among fellow students and teachers come to the fore. The Olympiad provides students with a unique opportunity for deep immersion in science, learning and professional growth.

Keywords:

С. 215-222

APPLICATION OF THE CONSCIOUS SENSORY PERCEPTION METHOD IN TEACHING COMPOSITION

Khvastunov A. V., Nemaeva N. O.,
Borisenko A. M.                                           DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-223-238

Abstract.  

The article presents the method for teaching conscious sensory perception of an artwork in the process of studying the techniques and principles of composition. The article proposes a methodological classification of levels of artwork perception, identifying three conditional levels: subject-narrative, professional-figurative, and sensory-intuitive. The article provides examples of applying sensory perception in teaching and discusses the method in more detail through the «Picture Plane» exercise.

Keywords:

С. 223-238

DUAL CODING AND COGNITIVE LOAD IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AT A NON-LANGUAGE UNIVERSITY

Ivanova E. A.                                           DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-239-250

Abstract.  

Various studies in the field of cognitive pedagogy have not led to a unified conclusion regarding the degree of effectiveness of using the principles of dual coding theory and the influence of the amount of cognitive load on the results. In the presented work we study the significance of the influence of dual coding of the taught teaching material on the level of memorization of foreign language lexical units by the students of experimental groups. The students of the control groups covered the material using the traditional method. Then two tests were conducted – at the end of the lesson and at the next lesson, one week later, as well as questionnaire survey of the experimental group students about their attitude to the experiment and their opinion about its effectiveness. The experiment revealed that direct testing shows better results than testing after one week. The results of the survey showed the mixed attitude of the learners to the dual coding of academic information. Conclusions were made about the expediency of presenting academic material in both verbal and figurative ways. Possible ways of solving the problem of cognitive overload at dual coding were outlined.

Keywords:

С. 239-250

ORGANIZING CADET EDUCATION IN HIGH SCHOOL: EXPERIENCE OF THE MOSCOW REGION

Burdakov D. A., Solomatin A. M.                    DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-251-262

Abstract.  

The article examines the specifics of organizing cadet education in general education organizations of Moscow Region based on federal strategic documents. It presents the standard of the pre-professional cadet class of Moscow Region, as well as the criteria for determining the effectiveness of pre-professional cadet classes. Practical examples of school activities in developing curricula, implementing extracurricular activity plans and additional education programs, organizing interaction with social partners to solve problems of cadet education, upbringing and development of high school students are given.

Keywords:

С. 251-262

DIFFICULTIES OF LISTENING TO AUTHENTIC TEXTS BY CHINESE STUDENTS
IN AN EXTRA-LINGUISTIC ENVIRONMENT

Zhang Mengke.                                                DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2025-3-263-272

Abstract. 

The article analyzes the development of listening skills in learning foreign languages, especially Russian, among Chinese students. The main difficulties encountered by Chinese students are discussed, including significant differences in the phonetic, lexical and grammatical systems of Russian and Chinese. The article emphasizes the importance of using authentic texts and audiovisual materials to develop listening skills and sociocultural competence.

Keywords:

listening, Russian language, Chinese students, authentic texts, extra-linguistic environment.

С. 263-272