THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL RATIONALITY IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES OF THE REFORMATION 

Abstract.  

The paper examines the rational contents of political views espoused by Luther and Calvin, defines their role in the process of rationalization of the politics during early modernity. In contrast to the established view of the Reformation political theories as based on the Christian ethics of nonresistance to secular authorities the article proposes the independence of their political constructs, rationality and specificity of their ideas in the political sphere, intensity and feasibility of their understanding of political actors’ motivation as well as the political situation of the day. Theories of the Reformers are viewed as an important stage of the general process of rationalization of political theories, taking parallel course to thinkers of the Italian Renaissance and greatly influencing later fully-fledged moral and political theories of Hobbes, Locke, and Kant among others. The analysis of Luther’s early political works “To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation” (1520), “A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther to All Christians to Guard Against Insurrection and Rebellion” (1522), “On the Temporality” (1523), is presented. Two lines of his reasoning, one theological, the other prudential, rational are revealed. It is proved that the latter stands independently from the theological arguments; veiled by the Christian ethics of nonresistance appeals to the secular authorities (German noblemen) to change the power of the keys backed with a detailed program of action are shown. The same work is done on the political thesis of concluding chapters of Calvin’s “Institutes of the Christian Religion”. 

Keywords: 

political rationality, Reformation, Luther, Calvin, problem of nonresistance, realism.

P. 9-17

SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTRINE AND PEDAGOGICAL VIEWS OF JOHN LOCKE

Abstract. 

The article is devoted to the analysis of socio-philosophical and pedagogical views of John Locke, an outstanding British enlightener. The philosophical doctrine of the individual, the state and society, sensualistic epistemology, empirical psychology, the concept of the education of a gentleman and the project of creating parochial schools for the children of working men are examined.

the Age of Enlightenment, John Locke, history of education, history of philosophy, education, upbringing.

P. 18-26

Educational philosophy

ACTIVE FORMS OF TEACHING PHILOSOPHY IN A UNIVERSITY

Gusev Dmitrii V., Esipova Nadezhda D.

Abstract. 

It is stated in the paper that the philosophy as the quintessence of culture plays a fundamental role in higher education and in the realization of the creative potential of man in the sphere of cognition. This role of philosophy is especially relevant in connection with the effect of negative social factors, which influence the direction of development of education in modern society. Particular attention is paid to the following: excessive cognitive load at an early stage of the child’s development, which prevents the fullfledged emotional and social development; adominance of economic values in the public  consciousness; strengthening tendencies of narrow specialization and more rigid regulation in education. Thus, the article sets the goal to identify the specifics of teaching philosophy in a university in the context of the formation of motivational orientation of students, creating an environment for the students’ personal emotional involvement in teaching and educational activities. Such a role of philosophy can be effectively realized through the use of active forms of teaching, which contribute to the development of creative thinking. The potential and pedagogical effects of such an active form of teaching as a communicative game in teaching philosophy are analyzed.

teaching philosophy in a university, active forms of education, game techniques, communicative game, motivation of educational activities.

P. 27-34

SPECIFICS OF COMMUNICATIONS IN THE INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL SPACE (AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT)

Alexandrova Zoya A.

Abstract. 

In article the author raises the problem of forming an individual in the information society. A number of specific peculiarities of modern socialization in the conditions of unlimited information facilities that do not comply with the requirements of developmental psychology are revealed as well. The author examines the ethical aspects of information communication in the virtual space.

individual, information society, information communications, a personality upbringing, ethics, morality, the moral aspect.

P. 35-40

MODERNIZATION OF PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION ON THE BASIS OF

L. S. VYG OTSKY’S IDEAS OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Obukhov Alexey S.

Abstract. 

The article focuses on the reflection of experience of modernizing pedagogical education on the basis of practical realization of L. S. Vygotsky’s ideas of cultural and historical psychology. It is shown how the basic ideas of L. S. Vygotsky (such ideas as the development as mastering of culture, age, a ratio of education and development in the zone of proximal development, about change of the social situation of development and crises of growing, about roundabout ways of development, about causal life history, about the highest mental functions, about everyday and conceptual thinking, etc.) can become a methodological basis for designing the process of teacher training for variable practice of the developing education. «From action to a thought» and social constructivism as a way of activity in a situation of uncertainty and variability became the fundamental principles of modernization of the pedagogical education.

pedagogical education, cultural and historical psychology, reflection, mastering of culture, age, social situation of learning and development, social constructivism.

P. 41-60

ON THE CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE INTELLIGENCE TESTS

Bogoyavlenskaya Diana B., Zhukova Elena S., Nizovtsova Anna N.

Abstract. 

The article compares the data of diagnosis using the “Creative field” method and the Raven’s test (Colored and Advanced progressive matrices) on two groups of subjects: pre-school / primary school children (n = 103) and adults (n = 70). The correlation between the success of mastering the material of the “Creative Field” (the time of finding the way to solve problems, the speed of fulfilling, the number of errors, etc.) and the results of Raven’s Progressive Matrices test was found. However, gifted examinees who acted in their own way did not differ in their intelligence level from those who mastered the given activity successfully but remained within the set requirements. The results of the conducted study do not allow to view the high scores in Raven’s Progressive Matrices as a criterion for the identification and prediction of giftedness.

giftedness, creativity, intellectual activity, intellect, testing.

P. 61-71

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN RUSSIAN REGIONS

Vachkov Igor V.

Abstract. 

The article presents the results of the study conducted in 25 educational organizations of 5 regions of the Russian Federation. The aim of the research was to study the characteristics of effective educational organizations in Russian regions which have implemented the methods, techniques and technologies of training and education that reflect the modern trends of education. Each educational organization turns out to have one or more success areas, but
none is effective in all studied areas.

modern educational organizations, the success of education, characteristics of educational organizations, directions of education, trends of education development.

P. 72-83

FORMATION OF NETWORK COMMUNITIES IN THE SPHERE OF HIGHER EDUCATION UNDER GLOBALIZATION CONDITIONS

Neborskiy Egor V.

Abstract. 

The article analyzes a relatively new trend in the formation of networked communities in the sphere of foreign higher education in the context of globalization. Three groups of network communities are identified. Professional learning networks – are unique systems of interaction, consisting of people, spaces and tools that support the training and professional growth of teachers. Educational network communities – are selforganizing communities on a platform with
open educational resources. Partner network communities – are network communities that are developing on the digital platform specially created for this purpose by joint efforts of independent universities. A hypothesis on the dispersion of higher education and the positioning of network communities by agents of change has been put forward.

universities, higher education dispersion, network communities, educational platforms, digital technologies, globalization.

P. 83-93

CHILDREN’S READINESS FOR LEARNING WRITING AND READING: CONCEPTS AND RESULTS OF A STUDY

Almazova Anna A., Babina Galina V., Lyubimova Marina M., Solovyova Tatyana A.

Abstract. 

The article analyzes the conceptual strategies and results of monitoring the current assessment methods that evaluate the maturity of the functional base of writing and reading. The article presents the structure and the outline of the operation layout of the assessment of children’s readiness for literacy education. Testing the operation layout detected different readiness levels of mastering writing and reading skills by children of the studied category.

preschool and primary-school children, readiness to learn writing and reading, operation layout, testing, readiness levels for literacy education, inclusive education.

P. 94-113

REASONING OF RUSSIAN EDUCATION PERSPECTIVES BY AN OUTSTANDING RUSSIAN EDUCATOR AND ENLIGHTENER – V. F. ODOEVSKY

Boguslavskiy Mikhail V.

Abstract. 

The article gives a generalized description of the pedagogical views of V. F. Odoevsky, an outstanding Russian enlightener and educator of the nineteenth century. The article summarizes his futurological views on the prospects for the development of the Russian education which have great prognostic significance.

V. F. Odoevsky, history of the Russian education, Russian Pedagogy of the nineteenth century, forecasting.

P. 114-123

REGULATION OF CHILDREN’S READING IN RUSSIA IN THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES: PROBLEMS OF THEORY

Lisovich Vera N.

Abstract. 

This article focuses on the historical and pedagogical overview of the family, state and public regulation of children’s reading in pre-revolutionary Russia. This article can be of interest to teachers, students of pedagogical institutions of higher education, post-graduate students and children’s reading researchers.

regulation of children’s reading, the Holy Synod, the Ministry of national education, the Military Ministry, government censorship, reference lists, public regulation.

P. 124-134

ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCHES IN THE AREA OF PEDAGOGICAL PROJECTING

Enygin Dmitrii V.

Abstract. 

The author of the article analyses different approaches to the notion of pedagogical projecting in modern researches and renders the structure and algorithms of this notion in the works of different scientists.

projecting, pedagogical projecting, project skills.

P. 135-141

ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ITS STANDARDIZATION

Boguslavskaya Tatiyana N.

Abstract. 

The article reveals the potential of the main approaches and areas of assessing the quality of modern preschool education in the context of introducing the Federal State Educational Standards in preschool education on the basis of the analysis of the theory and practice of preschool education.

system of pre-school education, quality of preschool education, assessment of the quality of preschool education, approaches to assessing the quality of preschool education, the areas of assessing the quality of preschool education.

P. 142-149

MODULE AND RATING SYSTEM OF TEACHING PHYSICS TO FOREIGN STUDENTS ON A PRE-UNIVERSITY LEVEL

Bereznyak Yury L., Oleshko Tamara V., Scherbakova Tatyana K., Ignatenko Vera Z., Makuha Svetlana I.

Abstract. 

The article explores several questions of a module and rating system of teaching Physics to medical students who are foreigners on a pre-university level with the help of modern training methods and techniques; this system facilitates the raise of general education level of Russian as a foreign language.

module and rating system, foreign students, pre-university level, Physics, Russian as a foreign language.

P. 150-160 

UNIVERSITY INSPECTION AND ITS ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE SPECIALIZED SCHOOLS IN THE EDUCATIONAL DISTRICTS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY

Biziaeva Natalia V.

Abstract. 

This article discusses the way of formation and development of the management system of the university inspection of specialized schools in educational districts in Russia in the early XIXth century, and it also covers the process of a university graduate’s realization as a teacher.

pedagogical education, institute, control, inspector, management, system, specialized schools.

P. 161-166